Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NEWBORNS WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO

Introdução / Purpose

PURPOSE: Determine the epidemiological profile of newborns with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the state of Pernambuco at the year 2016.

Material e Método / Methods

METHODS: Retrospective and observational study of newborns born in 07 maternities of the state of Pernambuco. Included preterm infants evaluated in the year 2016 with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less and/or low birth weight less than 1500g . Patients were submitted to fundoscopy after 4-6 weeks of birth. Patients with other causes of blindness were not included. Gender, gestational age and birth weight, time of oxygen therapy, stage of retinopathy, affected area and treatment were analyzed.

Resultados / Results

RESULTS: A total of 346 patients (692 eyes) were analyzed. Of these, 184 (53,2%) were male. There were 141 patients with ROP with mean gestational age of 29.1 weeks ± 2.7 (24-35). The mean birth weight in this group was 1097.3g ± 245.7 (600-1750). In patients with ROP, 42.6% received oxygen therapy, and 32.2% in newborns without ROP. Oxygen time was also higher, with a mean of 12.7 days ± 12.8 in patients with ROP and 7.2 days ± 8.1 in those without ROP. Of the patients with ROP, 268 eyes presented alterations, being 51.1% in stage 1 and zone III was the most frequent involvement with 49.3%. Disease Plus was present in 4.5%. Two hundred and forty-nine eyes (92.9%) did not require laser therapy. Through the chi-square test and considering a significant p-value <0.05, the correlation between the area of ​​involvement and the oxygen therapy (p-value 0.035) was significant. The correlation between gestational age and the ROP stage (p-value <0.001) was significant.

Discussão e Conclusões / Discussion

DISCUSSION: The variables gestational age, birth weight, oxygen therapy and time of oxygen therapy were statistically significant, demonstrating their relationship with the higher risk of developing ROP. Few patients required treatment and most had mild disease. The ROP shows a disease with preventable risk factors, allowing the reduction of its incidence.

Palavras Chave

retinopathy of prematurity, newborn